Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a non-invasive diagnostic tool used to visualize the entire small intestine. It involves swallowing a small, pill-sized camera that captures high-resolution images as it travels through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. CE is particularly effective for diagnosing small bowel diseases that are difficult to detect with conventional endoscopy or imaging techniques.

Procedure

Preparation:

• Patients are required to fast for 8–12 hours to ensure a clear view of the intestinal mucosa.
• In some cases, a bowel preparation similar to colonoscopy may be recommended.

Capsule Ingestion:

• The patient swallows the capsule, which is approximately the size of a large vitamin pill (11 mm x 26 mm).
• The capsule contains a camera, light source, battery, and transmitter.

Image Transmission:

• The capsule captures 2–6 images per second, transmitting them wirelessly to a recording device worn by the patient.

Advantages

• Non-invasive and well-tolerated.
• Superior to other imaging modalities for small bowel evaluation.
• No sedation or hospitalization required.

Limitations and Complications

• Contraindicated in patients with suspected bowel obstruction or strictures (risk of capsule retention).
• Limited therapeutic capability (diagnostic-only).