Colonoscopy Cancer Screening

Colonoscopy is the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening. It is a minimally invasive procedure that allows doctors to examine the entire colon and rectum for abnormalities such as polyps or tumors, which could develop into cancer. Regular screening helps detect colorectal cancer at an early, treatable stage, or even prevent it by identifying and removing precancerous polyps.

Indications for Cancer Screening

The primary use of colonoscopy for cancer screening is to detect early signs of colorectal cancer in individuals at average risk. Screening is generally recommended for:

• Individuals aged 45 and older (earlier if there's a family history or other risk factors).
• People with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps.
• Individuals with inherited syndromes like Lynch syndrome or Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP).
• People with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.

Colonoscopy Procedure for Screening

During a colonoscopy:

• A flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum and advanced through the colon.
• Polyps or abnormal growths are identified and may be biopsied or removed during the procedure (polypectomy).
• The procedure is performed under sedation for comfort, with bowel cleansing prior to the test to ensure clear visibility.

Treatment During Colonoscopy

If precancerous polyps (adenomas) are detected, they are typically removed during the procedure, which can significantly reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

• Polypectomy: Removal of polyps using forceps or a snare.
• Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR): For larger or flat lesions, EMR may be used to remove them safely.
• Follow-up: Patients are usually advised on follow-up intervals based on the findings, such as every 5-10 years for average-risk individuals.