Fatty Liver
Fatty liver disease is a condition where excess fat accumulates in liver cells. It is a reversible condition in its early stages, but if left unmanaged, it can progress to more severe liver damage, including cirrhosis.
Types of Fatty Liver
- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Fat buildup not related to alcohol consumption.
- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD): Fat accumulation due to excessive alcohol intake.
Symptoms
Fatty liver disease often presents with no symptoms in the early stages. However, as the condition progresses, individuals may experience:
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Discomfort or pain in the upper right abdomen.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly).
- Jaundice (in advanced stages, indicating liver dysfunction).
Causes
The primary causes and risk factors for fatty liver include:
NAFLD:
- Obesity.
- Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
- High cholesterol or triglyceride levels.
- Sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary habits.
- Genetic predisposition.
AFLD:
- Chronic alcohol consumption.
- Malnutrition or binge drinking.
Diagnosis
- Blood tests showing elevated liver enzymes.
- Imaging studies like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.
- Liver biopsy for definitive diagnosis and staging.
Treatment
Management focuses on addressing the underlying causes and preventing progression:
Lifestyle Modifications:
- Weight loss: Gradual reduction of 7-10% of body weight can improve liver health.
- Dietary changes: Adopt a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit saturated fats, sugar, and processed foods.
- Exercise: Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week.
Alcohol Abstinence: Crucial for AFLD patients.
Medications:
- No FDA-approved medication for fatty liver exists, but treatments may include drugs to manage diabetes, cholesterol, or insulin resistance.
- Vitamin E and certain anti-inflammatory medications may help NAFLD in specific cases.
