Constipation

Constipation refers to infrequent bowel movements or difficulty in passing stools, often accompanied by discomfort. It is a common digestive issue that can affect people of all ages. Typically, individuals with constipation have fewer than three bowel movements per week. While occasional constipation is normal, chronic constipation may require medical attention.

Symptoms of Constipation

• Infrequent Bowel Movements: Fewer than three times a week.
• Difficulty Passing Stool: Hard, dry, or lumpy stools.
• Straining: Excessive effort to pass stool.
• Incomplete Evacuation: A sensation of incomplete bowel emptying.
• Abdominal Discomfort: Bloating or cramping.
• Rectal Pain: Pain during defecation due to hard stools.

Causes of Constipation

• Dietary Factors: Insufficient fiber intake or inadequate hydration.
• Lifestyle Factors: Lack of physical activity or a sedentary routine.
• Medications: Painkillers, antidepressants, antacids, and diuretics may contribute.
• Medical Conditions:
  Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
  Hypothyroidism.
  Diabetes.
  Neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease or spinal injuries.
• Ignoring Urges: Delaying bowel movements can make stools harder.
• Changes in Routine: Travel, pregnancy, or aging may disrupt normal bowel habits.
• Stress and Anxiety: Psychological factors can slow gut motility.

Treatment

Dietary Modifications

• Increase Fiber Intake: Incorporate fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Aim for 25–30 grams of fiber daily.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink at least 8–10 glasses of water daily.
• Limit Processed Foods: Avoid high-fat and low-fiber diets.

Lifestyle Changes

• Exercise Regularly: Engage in activities like walking, yoga, or swimming.
• Establish a Routine: Try to have a regular bowel schedule.

Medications

• Fiber Supplements: Psyllium or methylcellulose can add bulk to stools.
• Laxatives: Osmotic (polyethylene glycol) or stimulant laxatives (bisacodyl) for short-term use.
• Stool Softeners: Docusate sodium for easier passage of stool.